James A. Garfield was born on November 19, 1831, in Orange Township, Ohio. He was the 20th president of the United States, serving in 1881. Before becoming president, Garfield had a successful career as a teacher, lawyer, Civil War general, and member of Congress. His presidency was cut short when he was shot by an assassin just months after taking office and died from his wounds on September 19, 1881. Despite his brief time in office, Garfield is remembered for his efforts to reform government corruption and promote civil rights.