Idaho became the 43rd state of the United States on July 3, 1890. Located in the Pacific Northwest, it is known for its rugged landscapes, mountains, forests, and vast natural resources. Originally inhabited by Native American tribes, Idaho attracted settlers during the gold rush and expanded with mining, agriculture, and later technology. Its capital and largest city is Boise. Often called the "Gem State" for its rich variety of gemstones, Idaho has a strong outdoor culture and plays a key role in U.S. agriculture, especially potato farming.